Adamson S (1985) Through the gateway of the heart: Accounts of experiences with MDMA and other empathogenic substances. San Francisco, CA: Four Trees Publications.

Adolphs R (1999) Social cognition and the human brain. Trends Cogn Sci 3: 469-479.

Baggott M, Jerome L, Stuart R (2001) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) A Review of the English- Language Scientific and Medical Literature. Published on-line: http://www.maps.org/research/mdma/protocol/litreview.htm and available on CD by request.

Baggott M (2002) Preventing problems in ecstasy users; Reduce use to reduce harm. J Psychoactive Drugs, 34:145-162.

Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D (2005) A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 162: 214-227.

Brady K, Killeen T, Saladin M, Dansky B, & Becker S (1994). Comorbid substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder: characteristics of women in treatment. American Journal of Addiction, 3: 160-164

Brady, KT, Charney, DS, Davidson, JRT. (2000) Current Issues in the Management of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Litttleton CO: Medical Education Resources.

Bremner JD, Innis RB, Ng CK et al. (1997) PET measurement of central metabolic correlates of yohimbine administration in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 54: 246-256.

Bremner JD, Staib LH, Kaloupek D, et al. (1999) Neural correlates of exposure to traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: a positron emission tomography study. Biol Psychiatry 45: 806-816.

Breslau N (1998) Epidemiology of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In Yelda R (Ed.) Psychological Trauma. American Psychiatric Association, Washington: 1-29.

Cami J, Farre M, Mas M, Roset PN, Poudevida S, Mas A, San L, de la Torre R (2000) Human pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy"): psychomotor performance and subjective effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 20:455-466.

Carroll KM, Nuro KF (2002) One size cannot fit all; A stage model for psychotherapy manual development. Clin Psychol Psy Prac 9: 396-406.

d'Otalora, M. MDMA and LSD Therapy in the Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in a case of sexual abuse http://www.maps.org/research/mdma/moaccount.html

Daumann J, Hensen G, Thimm B, Rezk M, Till B, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E (2004) Self-reported psychopathological symptoms in recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users are mainly associated with regular cannabis use: further evidence from a combined cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation. Psychopharmacol (Berl) 173 :398-404.

de la Torre R, Farre M, Ortuno J, Mas M, Brenneisen R, Roset PN, Segura J, Cami J (2000a) Non-linear pharmacokinetics of MDMA ('ecstasy') in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 49: 104-109.

de la Torre R, Farre M, Roset PN, Hernandez Lopez C, Mas M, Ortuno J, Menoyo E, Pizarro N, Segura J, Cami J (2000b) Pharmacology of MDMA in humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 914: 225-237.

Doblin R (2002) A clinical plan for MDMA (Ecstasy) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): partnering with the FDA. J Psychoactive Drugs; 34: 185-194.

Falsetti SA (2003) Cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD. Primary Psychiatry, 10, 78-82.

Faustman, WO, White, PA (1989). Diagnostic and psychopharmacological treatment characteristics of 536 inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis, 177(3), 154-159.

Foa EB, Rothbaum BO (1998) Treating the trauma of rape: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD. New York, NY; Guilford Press.

Foa EB, Dancu CV, Hembree EA, Jaycox LH, Meadows EA, Street GP. (1999) A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder in female assault victims. J Consult Clin Psychol 67: 194-200.

Freeman A, Urschel, (Ruse) J. 1997. Individual psychology and cognitive behavior therapy: A cognitive therapy perspective. J Cog Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly II: 165-179.

Gamma A, Buck A, Berthold T, Liechti ME, Vollenweider FX. (2000) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) modulates cortical and limbic brain activity as measured by [H(2)(15)O]-PET in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 23: 388-395. Erratum in: Neuropsychopharmacology 23(5):following 598. Hell, D [corrected to Liechti, ME].

Gamma A, Jerome L, Liechti ME, Sumnall HR. (2005) Is ecstasy perceived to be safe? A critical survey. Drug Alcohol Depend. 77:185-93.

Gasser P (1994) Psycholytic Therapy with MDMA and LSD in Switzerland. MAPS Newsletter 5: 3-7.

Gore SM (1999) Fatal uncertainty: death-rate from use of ecstasy or heroin. Lancet 354:1265-1266.

Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E, Daumann J, Tuchtenhagen F, Pelz S, Becker S, Kunert HJ, Fimm B, Sass H (2000) Impaired cognitive performance in drug free users of recreational ecstasy (MDMA). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68: 719-725.

Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E, Thimm B, Rezk M, Hansen G, Daumann J (2003) Memory impairments suggest hippocampal dysfunction in abstinent Ecstasy users. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27: 819- 827.

Grob CS, Poland RE, Chang L, Ernst T (1996) Psychobiologic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in humans: methodological considerations and preliminary observations. Behav Brain Res 73:103-107.

Grof S (2001; 1980) LSD Psychotherapy. Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Sarasota FL.

Guimaraes FS, Del Bel EA, Padovan CM, Netto SM, de Almeida RT (1993) Hippocampal 5-HT receptors and consolidation of stressful memories. Behav Brain Res 58: 133-9.

Halpern JH, Pope HG, Sherwood AR, Barry S, Hudson JH, Yurgelun-Todd D (2004) Residual neuropsychological effects of illicit 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in individuals with minimal exposure to other drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 75: 135-147.

Hamner MB, Robert S, Frueh BC (2004) Treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: Strategies for intervention. CNS Spectrums: 740-752.

Harris DS, Baggott M, Mendelson J, Mendelson JE, Jones RT (2002) Subjective and hormonal effects of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans. Psychopharmacol (Berl) 162: 396-405.

Henry JA and Rella JG (2001). Medical risks associated with MDMA use. In Holland J (Ed). Ecstasy; the complete guide.Rochester, VT: Inner Tradition. (pp. 71-86).

Jaycox, LH, Zoellner L, Foa EB, (2002) Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for PTSD in Rape Survivors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58: 891-906.

Johnson SM (1996) Emotion focused couple therapy with trauma survivors; Strengthening attachment bonds. Guilford Press: New York NY.

Kang HK, Hyam KC (2005) Mental Health Care Needs among Recent War Veterans. NEJM 352: 1289.

Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet EJ, Hughes M, Nelson CB, (1995) Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 1048-1060.

Krupnick JL. (2002) Brief Psychodynamic Treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58; 919-932. Lester SJ, Baggott M, Welm S, Schiller NB, Jones RT, Foster E, Mendelson J (2000) Cardiovascular effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 133: 969-973.

Lieb R, Schuetz CG, Pfister H, von Sydow K, Wittchen H (2002) Mental disorders in ecstasy users: a prospective-longitudinal investigation. Drug Alcohol Depend 68:195-207.

LeDoux J (1998) The Emotional Brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. London; Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Liechti ME, Baumann C, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX (2000) Acute psychological effects of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") are attenuated by the serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram. Neuropsychopharmacol 22: 513-521.

Liechti ME, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX (2001) Gender differences in the subjective effects of MDMA. Psychopharmacol 154:161-168.

Liechti ME, Vollenweider FX (2000a) The serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram reduces acute cardiovascular and vegetative effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy') in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 14:269-274.

Liechti ME, Vollenweider FX (2000b) Acute psychological and physiological effects of MDMA ("Ecstasy") after haloperidol pretreatment in healthy humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 10: 289-295.

Ling M, Perry P, Tsuang M, (1981) Side effects of corticosteroid therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38: 471-477.

Ludewig S, Ludewig K, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX (2003) No lasting effects of moderate doses of MDMA (Ecstasy) on memory performance and mood states in health humans. Biol Psychiatry 53 (Suppl); 205S. Data presented at the 58th Annual Conference of the Society for Biological Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA.

Marshall RD, Beebe KL, Oldham M, Zaninelli R. (2001) Efficacy and safety of paroxetine treatment for chronic PTSD: a fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry;158: 1982-1988.

Mas M, Farre M, de la Torre R, Roset PN, Ortuno J, Segura J, Cami J (1999) Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects and pharmacokinetics of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 290: 136-145.

Milani RM, Parrott AC, Turner JJ, Fox (2004) Gender differences in self-reported anxiety, depression, and somatization among ecstasy/MDMA polydrug users, alcohol/tobacco users, and nondrug users. Addict Behav 29: 965-971.

Mithoefer, JC, Remmers, JE, Zabieta, G, Mithoefer, MC (1972) Pulmonary gas exchange in Andean Natives at high altitude. Respiratory Physiology, 15: 182.

Montgomery S & Bech P (2000) ECNP consensus meeting, March 5-6, 1999, Nice. Post traumatic stress disorder: guidelines for investigating efficacy of pharmacological intervention. ECNP and ECST. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 10: 297-303.

Nichols DE (1986) Differences between the mechanism of action of MDMA, MBDB, and the classic hallucinogens. Identification of a new therapeutic class: entactogens. J Psychoactive Drugs 18: 305-313.

Nichols, DE and Oberlender, R. (1990) Structure-activity relationships of MDMA and related compounds: A new class of psychoactive agents? In S.J. Peroutka (Ed.), Ecstasy: The Clinical, Pharmacological and Neurotoxicological Effects of the Drug MDMA. Holland, Kluwer.

Pacifici R, Pichini S, Zuccaro P, Farre M, Segura M, Ortuno J, Di Carlo S, Bacosi A, Roset P, Segura J, De La Torre R (2004) Paroxetine inhibits acute effects of MDMA on the immune system in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309:285-292.

Rasmusson AM, Charney DS (1997) Animal models of relevance to PTSD. Ann N Y Acad Sci 821: 332-351.

Rauch SL, van der Kolk BA, Fisler RE, et al. (1996) A symptom provocation study of posttraumatic stress disorder using positron emission tomography and script driven imagery. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 53: 380-387.

Reneman L, Booij K, de Bruin K, Reitsma JB, de Wolff FA, Gunning WB, den Heeten GJ, van den Brink W (2001A) Effects of dose, sex, and long-term abstention from use on toxic effects of MDMA (ecstasy) on brain serotonin neurons. Lancet 358:1864-1869.

Resick PA, Schnicke, M. (1992). Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60: 748 -756.

Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, Astin MC, Feuer CA. (2002) A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol 70: 867-879.

Resnick HS, Kilpatrick DG, Dansky BS, Saunders BE, Best CL. (1993) Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. J Consult Clin Psychol 61: 984- 991.

Sapolsky R, Uno H, Rebert CS (1990) Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates. J Neurosci. 10: 2897-2902.

Shin LM, Kosslyn SM, McNally RJ, et al. (1997) Visual imagery and perception in posttraumatic stress disorder: a positron emission tomography investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 54: 233-237.

Shin LM, Wright CI, Cannistraro PA, Wedig MM, McMullin K, Martis B, Macklin ML, Lasko NB, Cavanagh SR, Krangel TS, Orr SP, Pitman RK, Whalen PJ, Rauch SL. (2005) A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to overtly presented fearful faces in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychi 62: 273-281.

Shulgin AT, Nichols DE (1978) Characterization of three new psychotomimetics. In: Stillman RC, Willette RE (eds) The Pharmacology of Hallucinogens. New York NY: Pergamon.

Stolaroff M (2004) The Secret Chief Revealed: Conversations with a pioneer of the underground therapy movement. Sarasota FL: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies.

Sumnall HR, Wagstaff GF, Cole JC. (2004) Self-reported psychopathology in polydrug users. J Psychopharmacol 18: 75-82.

Tancer ME, Johnson CE (2001) The subjective effects of MDMA and mCPP in moderate MDMA users. Drug Alcohol Depend 65: 97-101.

Tancer M, Johanson C-E (2003) Reinforcing, subjective and physiological effects of MDMA in humans; A comparison with d-amphetamine and mCPP. Drug Alcohol Depend 72:33-44.

Thomasius R, Petersen K, Buchert R, Andresen B, Zapletalova P, Wartberg L, Nebeling B, Schmoldt A (2003) Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users. Psychopharmacol (Berl) 167:85-96.v Work group on ASD and PTSD, [Ursano RJ, Chair] (2004) Practice guideline for the treatment of acute stress disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 161 (Supplement)

Vollenweider FX, Gamma A, Liechti M, Huber T (1998) Psychological and cardiovascular effects and short- term sequelae of MDMA ("ecstasy") in MDMA-naive healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacol 19:241-251.

Vollenweider FX, Gucker P, Schönbächler R, Kamber E, Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen MFI, Schubiger G, Hell D (2000) Effects of MDMA on 5-HT uptake sites using PET and [11C]-McN5652 in humans. Data presented at 2000 conference of the German Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Neuromedicine [Deutsche Gesellschaft für psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde].

Wareing M, Murphy PN, Fisk JE (2004) Visuospatial memory impairments in users of MDMA ("Ecstasy") Psychopharmacol (Berl) 173: 391-397.

Widmer S (1998) Listening into the heart of things: The awakening of love: On MDMA and LSD: The undesired psychotherapy. Gerolfingen, Switzerland; Basic Editions.

Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Weingartner H (1990) Cognitive effects of corticosteroids. Am J Psychiatry. 147: 1297-1303.